Biofilms in manmade systems
System | Impact of Biofilm Formation | References |
---|---|---|
Toilet bowls |
Cosmetic degradation |
Pitts et al., Biofouling 13:19 (1998) |
Cooling water towers | Reduced heat and mass transfer | Mortensen and Conley, CTI J. 15:10 (1994) |
Heat exchangers | Reduced heat transfer | |
Paper manufacturing | Degradation of product quality | Vaisanen et al., J. Appl. Microbiol. 84:1069 (1998) Robertson, TAPPI, Reprint 566 (1992) Holt, in Biodeterioration 7, p. 493 (1987) |
Food processing | Contamination | Wirtanen and Salo, Rev Environ Sci and Bio/Technol. 2:293-306 (2003) Carpentier and Cerf, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75:499 (1993) Matilla-Sandholm and Wirtanen, Food Rev. Int. 8:573 (1992) |
Metalworking | Degradation of metalworking fluid | Leder, Lubr. Engr. 45:217 (1989) |
Photo processing | Flawed prints, machine failure | Elvers et al., J. Appl. Microbiol. 84:607 (1998) |
Reverse osmosis water processing | Reduced membrane permeability, material degradation | McDonogh et al., J. Membr. Sci. 87:199 (1994) |
Swimming pools | Health risks, cosmetic degradation | Angenent et al, PNAS 102(13):4860-4865 (2005) |
Household drains | Slow draining sinks | |
Household surfaces | Cutting surfaces, shower heads and curtains, vases | |
Process equipment | Corrosion and biodeterioration | |
Secondary oil recovery | Plugging of water injection wells, souring (hydrogen sulfide production) and corrosion | Olliver and Magot, Petroleum Microbiology, ASM Press 2005, ISBN 1-55581-327-5 |
Sewage systems | Biodeterioration | |
Drinking water pipes | Health risks | LeChevallier et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:220 (1996) Camper, in Biofouling and Biocorrosion in Industrial Water Systems, Ch. 6 (1994) |