This movie shows the ripple formations that developed in a four-species biofilm (K. pneumoniae,
P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and S. maltophilia) growing under turbulent flow. Time-lapse imaging revealed that the ripples travelled downstream at velocities up to 1 mm/h. The flow of biofilms along catheters and industrial pipelines may play an important role in dissemination of infection and contamination.

Movie by P. Stoodley.