|
This table summarizes the many systems in which biofilms form with
undesirable consequences. |
| System |
Impact of Biofilm
Formation |
References |
| Toilet bowls |
Cosmetic degradation |
Pitts et al., Biofouling 13:19 (1998) |
| Cooling water towers |
Reduced heat and mass
transfer |
Mortensen and Conley,
CTI J. 15:10 (1994) |
| Heat exchangers |
Reduced heat transfer |
|
| Paper manufacture |
Degradation of product
quality |
Vaisanen et al.,
J. Appl. Microbiol. 84:1069 (1998)
Robertson, TAPPI, Reprint 566 (1992)
Holt, in Biodeterioration 7, p. 493 (1987)
|
| Food processing |
Contamination |
Carpentier and Cerf,
J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75:499 (1993)
Matilla-Sandholm and Wirtanen, Food Rev. Int. 8:573 (1992) |
| Metalworking |
Degradation of
metalworking fluid |
Leder, Lubr. Engr.
45:217 (1989) |
| Photo processing |
Flawed prints, machine
failure |
Elvers et al.,
J. Appl. Microbiol. 84:607 (1998) |
| Reverse osmosis |
Reduced membrane
permeability, material
degradation |
McDonogh et al.,
J. Membr. Sci. 87:199 (1994) |
| Swimming pools |
Health risks, cosmetic
degradation |
|
| Household drains |
Slow draining sinks |
|
| Process equipment |
Corrosion and
biodeterioration |
|
| Secondary oil recovery |
Plugging of water
injection wells, souring (hydrogen sulfide production) and corrosion |
|
| Drinking water pipes |
Health risks |
LeChevallier et al.,
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:220 (1996)
Camper, in Biofouling and Biocorrosion in Industrial Water Systems, Ch. 6
(1994) |
| MEDICAL INFECTIONS |
|
|
| General |
Persistent infections |
Costerton et al.,
Science 284:1318-1322 (1999)
Potera, Science 283:1837 (1999)
|
| Dental plaque |
Caries
gingivitis
periodontitis |
Marsh and Bradshaw,
J. Ind. Microbiol. 15:169 (1995)
Darveau et al, Periodontol 2000 14:12 (1997)
Page et al, Periodontol 2000 14:216
|
| Implanted devices
- contact lens
- urinary catheter
- vascular catheter
- central venous
catheter
- Hickman catheter
- Swan-Ganz catheter
- periotoneal dialysis
(Tenckhoff)
catheter
- biliary stent
- orthopedic device
- prosthetic heart valve
- cardiac pacemaker
- IUD
- endotracheal tube
- nasogastric tube
- hemodialysis units
|
Persistent infections
Endocarditis
Contamination
Drain blockage |
Khardori and Yassien,
J. Ind. Microbiol. 15:141 (1995)
Nickel et al, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 33A:31 (1994)
Nickel, Can. J. Infect. Control 6:38 (1991)
Cox et al, Br. J. Urol. 64:395 (1989)
Nickel et al, Urology 34:284 (1989)
Ramsay et al, Br. J. Urol. 64:395 (1989)
Nickel et al, Can J. Surg. 28:50 (1985)
Gorman et al, Epidemiol. Infect. 112:551 (1994)
Giangrande et al, Perit. Dial. Int. 13(S2): S133 (1993)
Read et al, Kidney Int. 35:614 (1989)
Hyde et al, J. Heart Valve Dis. 7:316 (1998)
Marrie et al, Circulation 66:1339 (1982)
Feldman et al, Eur. Respir. J. 13:546 (1999)
Gorman et al, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Dis. 12:9 (1993)
Sottile et al, Crit. Care Med. 14:265 (1986)
Phillips et al, J. Hosp. Infect. 27117 (1994)
Phillips et al, J. Hosp. Infect. 21:193 (1992) |
| Chronic infections
- otitis media
- cystic fibrosis
pneumonia
- biliary tract infections
- osteomyelitis
- bacterial prostatitis
- native heart valve
|
Persistent infections |
Potera, Science
283:1837 (1999) |
